Prostate Cancer
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Everything You Need To Know About Prostate Cancer
Cancer begins when cells in the body begin to grow out of control. Cells in almost any part of the body can become cancer cells and then spread to other parts of the body. Prostate cancer treatment in Delhi NCR, to learn more about cancer and how it starts and spreads, see What is cancer?
Prostate cancer begins when the cells in the prostate begin to grow out of control. The prostate is a gland found only in men. It produces some of the fluid in the semen.
The prostate is below the bladder (the hollow organ that stores urine) in front of the rectum (the last part of the bowel). Behind the prostate are glands called seminal vesicles, which make up most of the semen. The urethra is a catheter that drains urine and semen from the body through the penis. It passes through the center of the prostate.
The size of the prostate can change with a person’s age. In young men, it is about the same size as a walnut, but in older men, it may be larger.
Types of prostate cancer
Almost all prostate cancers are adenocarcinomas. These cancers develop from glandular cells (cells that add prostatic fluid to semen).
Other types of cancer that can be caused in the prostate include:
- Small cell carcinomas
- Neuroendocrine tumors (other than small cell carcinomas)
- Transitional cell carcinomas
- Sarcomas
These other types of prostate cancer are rare. If you are told that you have prostate cancer, it is almost certainly adenocarcinoma.
Some prostate cancers grow and spread rapidly, but most grow slowly. In fact, autopsy studies have shown that many older men (and even some young men) who have died from other causes also suffer from prostate cancer and have never affected them in their lifetime. In many cases, they and their doctors don’t even know they have it.
Possible precancerous conditions of prostate cancer
Some studies have shown that prostate cancer begins in a precancerous state, although it is currently uncertain. These conditions are sometimes found when a person undergoes a prostate biopsy (a small piece of the prostate is removed to look for cancer).
Prostate intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN)
In PIN, the appearance of prostate cells changes when viewed with a microscope, but the abnormal cells do not look like they are growing to other parts of the prostate (just like cancer cells). According to the abnormality of the cell pattern, it is classified as:
Low-grade PIN: The morphology of prostate cells is almost normal.
Advanced PIN: The style of the cell looks more unusual.
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Other type of Cancer
Low-grade PIN is considered not to be associated with men’s risk of prostate cancer. On the other hand, high-grade PIN is considered a possible precursor of prostate cancer. If you have a prostate biopsy and find a high-level PIN, you are more likely to develop prostate cancer over time.
PIN began to appear in the prostate of some men as early as their 20s. However, many men with PIN will never develop prostate cancer.
For more information about PIN, see Tests for Diagnosing and Staging Prostate Cancer.
Proliferative inflammatory atrophy (PIA)
In PIA, prostate cells appear to be smaller than normal cells, and there are signs of inflammation in this area. PIA is not cancer, but researchers believe that PIA may sometimes cause high-grade PIN, or may directly lead to prostate cancer.
Frequently Asked Questions
Prostate cancer is a form of cancer that affects the prostate. The seminal fluid, which nourishes and transports the sperm, is produced by the prostate gland. It is small and shaped like a walnut.
One of the most common forms of cancer is prostate cancer. Prostate cancers tend to grow slowly and remain in the prostate gland. They may not cause any serious damage. While some forms of prostate cancer may grow slowly and require minimal treatment, others can spread quickly.
Prostate cancer can cause no symptoms or signs in its early stages.
The following signs and symptoms may occur if the prostate cancer is more advanced:
- Problems with urinating
- A decrease in force in the urine stream
- Urine containing blood
- The semen contains blood
- Bone pain
- Weight loss without having to try
- Erectile dysfunction
Researchers have not identified a cause of prostate cancer. Cancer develops when certain changes occur in the glandular cells. These changes are called prostatic intraepithelial néoplasia (PIN) by doctors. Nearly half of males aged 50 and older have PIN.
The changes in the cells won’t be rapid at first and they will not become cancerous. They can, however, become cancerous over time. High-grade or low-grade cancer cells can develop. High-grade cells are more likely to grow and spread and are therefore of greater concern. Low-grade cells, on the other hand, are unlikely to grow or spread and should not be considered a concern.
These factors can increase your chance of developing prostate cancer:
- Age. It’s most common after age 50.
- Race. Black men are at greater risk for prostate cancer than people of other races. Prostate cancer in Black men is more likely to be advanced or aggressive.
- Family history. A relative who has been diagnosed as having prostate cancer (e.g. a parent, sibling, or child) may have a higher risk. Your risk of developing prostate cancer could be increased if your family has a history of genes that increase breast cancer risk (BRCA1 and BRCA2), or a very strong history of breast carcinoma.
- Obesity. Those who are overweight may be at greater risk for prostate cancer than those who are healthy. However, studies have shown mixed results. Obese people are more likely to develop cancer and return to the same place after treatment.
The following are some complications of prostate cancer treatment:
- Metastasizing is a form of cancer that spreads. This can happen to any organ in your body, including your bladder. Broken bones and pain can result from prostate cancer spreading to the bones. Although it is possible to treat prostate cancer once it has spread to other parts of the body it can’t be cured.
- Incontinence. Prostate cancer treatment and incontinence can both cause. The type of incontinence you have, the severity, and how likely it is to improve over time will all affect the treatment. There are many treatment options available, including medications, surgery, and catheters.
- Erectile disfunction. This can be caused by prostate cancer treatment. Erectile dysfunction can be treated with medications, surgery, or vacuum devices that aid in an erection.
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